Mac Expert 1995 Winter/Mac Expert - Winter 95.iso/Les fichiers/Tidbits/Tidbits 201 à 280/TidBITS#204_29-Nov-93.txt

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TidBITS#204/29-Nov-93
=====================

This week we explain Ted Nelson's new plans for Xanadu Light based
   on his talk at Hypertext '93. We also clarify the details on the
   Quadra 610, DOS Compatible that Apple announced recently.
   Charles Wheeler passes on a true Mac story that might prevent
   DOSsification, Apple asks for constructive interface suggestions
   for MacTCP, a free PDA newsletter appears, and Mark Anbinder
   notes that not all microphones are created equal.

This issue of TidBITS sponsored in part by:
* APS Technologies -- 800/443-4199 -- [e-mail]
   New lower prices on Seagate hard drives in SR 2000 cases.
   For APS price lists, email: [e-mail]

Copyright 1990-1993 Adam & Tonya Engst. Details at end of issue.
   Automated info: <[e-mail]> Comments: <[e-mail]>
   --------------------------------------------------------------

Topics:
    MailBITS/29-Nov-93
    SuperDrive Activism
    MacTCP Call to Arms
    DOS Compatible Details
    True Mac Stories!
    Xanadu Light

[Archived as /info-mac/per/tb/tidbits-204.etx; 30K]


MailBITS/29-Nov-93
------------------
  With the approach of the holiday season, we're all looking for
  Macintosh gifts, ranging from games to books to accessories. I'm
  probably going to regret this offer, but if you send me a
  description of the top three items that you plan to give to a
  friend or relative as a present, I'll compile the best of the
  submissions and publish it in one of the issues in December.
  Please limit yourself to a paragraph about each item and avoid
  anything that can't be easily purchased via mail order, that being
  the least-common denominator. To avoid hammering my personal email
  account, please send suggestions to <[e-mail]>.


**PDA News, a free monthly newsletter** covering the world of
  Personal Digital Assistants (including the Newton and the Tandy
  Zoomer), is offering free subscriptions to all comers. To
  subscribe, send them email at <[e-mail]> and put
  "Free Subscription" in the Subject line. Needless to say, include
  your name, company, address, phone, fax, email address, and if you
  own a PDA in the body of the message.


**Tom Phoenix** <[e-mail]> passed on a photocopy of the
  rebate form you can get from Apple if you purchased At Ease 1.0
  (or a system bundled with it) between 02-Aug-93 and 01-Apr-94. You
  can get between $25 and $100 back depending on your situation, if
  you return this form. The only slight problem is that Apple forgot
  to include a blank for your street address. Oops. Call 800/892-
  4648 if you are interested in getting a form for the rebate, but
  make sure to add your street address manually if you send it in.


**Autodesk** has announced an upgrade program for users of
  ClarisCAD, which has slipped ever further from Claris's attention.
  From 01-Nov-93 to 15-Jan-94, users of ClarisCAD can upgrade to
  AutoCAD Release 12 for the Macintosh for $995 (normally $2,500).
  To qualify for the upgrade, current ClarisCAD users must contact a
  local Autodesk Authorized Reseller (call the number below for a
  reference) and provide a proof of purchase or a serialized disk
  for each copy of ClarisCAD to be traded in and a signed Upgrade
  Pledge, which reads as follows (and I quote): "I would like to
  purchase an upgrade to AutoCAD Release 12 for the Macintosh as a
  replacement for my existing ClarisCAD. I pledge to discontinue use
  of ClarisCAD and within 90 days to destroy all copies of that
  computer-aided-design software." I recommend repeating the pledge
  in the presence of your Autodesk Authorized Reseller while
  standing on one foot with your head held high and your right hand
  on your heart. The signature? For $995, my bet is on blood.
  Autodesk -- 800/964-6432


**Pete Chane** <[e-mail]> writes: "It seems that if
  Centris 660AV users download and install System Enabler 088 v.
  1.1, it will change their computer from a Centris to a Quadra in
  About This Macintosh. Programs that report system info like Now
  Profile and TattleTale will also use the new Quadra name." [The
  enabler is available on <ftp.apple.com> in:

    /dts/mac/sys.soft/7.1.system.enablers/

  Apple says only that version 1.1 adds support for the Quadra 660AV
  and doesn't provide any other details, although Ric Ford reported
  in MacWEEK that it included "other, undocumented fixes as well."
  -Adam]


**Borrowing Microphones** -- Mark Anbinder <[e-mail]>
  writes: Purchasers of Apple's new low-end Macintosh systems will
  be surprised if they try to use a borrowed Apple microphone in
  the computers' microphone jacks. The Performa 475 and 476, LC
  475, and Quadra 605 computers require the new PlainTalk microphone
  in order to record sounds using the microphone port, but don't
  include it. Microphones bundled with previous Macintosh models
  won't work, because the PlainTalk microphone has a longer plug
  (.75" rather than .5") and the old plug doesn't properly seat
  inside the new jack. The PlainTalk microphone is available as a
  separate item, in addition to being bundled with several of
  Apple's newer high-end Macs. The item number is M9060Z/A, and
  the microphone should be available from any Apple reseller.


SuperDrive Activism
-------------------
  Jamie McCarthy <[e-mail]> passed on a quote from
  the Dec-93 AppleDirections newsletter that might gratify those on
  the nets who complained vociferously about proposed plans to
  eliminate the auto-eject mechanism on the SuperDrive.

    Just to be crystal clear about this, the new SuperDrive
    disk drives require no change in the way you deliver your
    software. Despite earlier reports, Apple will not be making
    the transition to manual-eject drives that read only
    MFM-format disks, largely because of feedback from customers
    and developers. The new Apple SuperDrive will read disks
    formatted using either GCR or MFM (that is, the format
    used by DOS/Windows systems) standards and will continue
    to feature automatic ejection of floppy disks.

  I'm not fond of the manual inject mechanism used in the new
  SuperDrives, but the dust cover is good, and less expensive Macs
  and replacement parts are useful as well. It's nice to see Apple
  listening to feedback.


MacTCP Call to Arms
-------------------
  Apple has done a tremendous job in producing the updater for
  MacTCP 2.0.4 (it works on virgin copies of MacTCP 2.0.2, which is
  the version included with the Internet Starter Kit for Macintosh),
  and although no one denies that accomplishment, there has been
  much griping on the nets about MacTCP's interface.

  Garry Hornbuckle, Apple's MacTCP product manager, met the griping
  with a concrete challenge posted on comp.sys.mac.comm - if you
  don't like how MacTCP is configured, Apple wants to hear your
  _specific_ suggestions. General complaints aren't useful, but if
  you can point out a specific problem that you've faced and offer
  specific ways of dealing with that problem, Apple seems to be
  willing to listen. We at TidBITS applaud such a move since it
  indicates a willingness to open a direct dialogue with interested
  Mac users. Other groups at Apple would do well to emulate this
  policy; after all, we're the people that must use Apple's
  products. We don't wish to imply that Apple doesn't have a lot of
  great ideas, just that, as Garry said in his posting, Apple
  doesn't have a monopoly on all the good ideas. As a matter of
  fact, if there are other such public suggestion email addresses at
  Apple or other companies, and if the maintainers of those
  addresses wish, we'll be happy to publicize them to increase the
  net community participation.

  So, if you can meet Garry's challenge and offer specific
  constructive suggestions for the next version of MacTCP, send them
  to:

    [e-mail]

  There are some ground rules that you should also know.

* By submitting the suggestion, you are granting Apple the right
  to incorporate the suggestion into its products in the future.

* You are granting your permission to Apple for the good of
  Macintosh-kind, for the good of MacTCP, for forever, and for
  free.

  However, Garry did say that he might be able to swing some cool
  t-shirts for the best suggestions. He promised to read each and
  every suggestion, and to respond to the best ones. Let's not pass
  up this chance to provide early feedback for a product that is
  fast becoming an essential part of the Macintosh experience for
  many people.

  Oh, you can get the MacTCP 2.0.4 updater at <ftp.tidbits.com> in:

    /pub/tidbits/tisk/mactcp/


DOS Compatible Details
----------------------
  We've been combing the woods for details about the Quadra 610, DOS
  Compatible Mac that we wrote about in TidBITS #202_, which should
  ship in early 1994. One of the most useful sources of information
  has been the MacWEEK forum on ZiffNet/Mac (GO ZMC:MACWEEK), and
  especially postings from Henry Norr of MacWEEK. When combined with
  information from Pythaeus, the following has become clear.

  The DOS card allows some sharing of information between the Mac
  and DOS environments, much as do SoftPC and Orange Micro's PC
  card. However, the DOS Compatible card cannot display the DOS
  session in a Macintosh window, which would make copying text and
  graphics between the two environments clumsy on a single monitor
  system.

  Switching between monitors is not instantaneous; there is a
  unexplained but perceptible several second delay between the two
  environments. Unfortunately, if you have two monitors, you cannot
  use the PC monitor in the Mac environment at all, which is a
  shame, considering the incredible utility of multiple monitor
  desktops.

  The Quadra 610, DOS Compatible will come with 8 MB of RAM
  standard, and you can set the allocation between the Mac and the
  PC although it comes preset at 4 MB of RAM for each environment.
  If you install more RAM on the Mac motherboard, either environment
  can use that memory, but if you install RAM directly on the DOS
  card, then the PC environment must use that RAM and cannot share
  the main Mac RAM. I'd be surprised if you can reset the allocation
  without rebooting, although that might be a task for OptiMem from
  the Jump Development Group (a utility that reduces the amount of
  memory applications require - I'm investigating it for a review so
  stay tuned).

  Although the card can use the Mac's CD-ROM drive via Microsoft's
  CD-ROM drivers for DOS, there's currently no software support (and
  it may not even be possible in hardware) to use Ethernet via DOS,
  which limits the utility of the card in the big business
  environments that require DOS compatibility for new machines. The
  card, because it fits in a Quadra 610 (and presumably in the
  660AV), is only 7" long; thus it may not work as easily in the
  longer NuBus slots in other Macs. Apple isn't marketing to those
  other machines, and there's no telling if the card requires a
  68040 in the Mac or not.

  Communications and printing operate as you might expect. You map
  the PC COM 1 and COM 2 ports (probably only one at a time) to the
  Mac's modem port, so that you can use a modem from within DOS.
  Print jobs go to whatever printer you select in the Chooser, and
  if it's a PostScript printer, you must configure your PC programs
  with PostScript drivers as well. If you use a QuickDraw printer,
  the DOS programs will print to it as if it were an Epson, the
  least-common denominator on the PC side of things. In either case,
  the DOS environment assumes it's using a non-existent parallel
  port.

  Like the default setup in SoftPC, the PC hard disk is a single
  file in the Macintosh environment. However, unlike SoftPC (at
  least the older version I last used) it seems that Apple has in
  some way implemented it as an external file system (a neat trick
  that makes it a window in the Finder so you can treat DOS files
  like Mac files). Opening the hard disk file doesn't immediately
  open a window, but instead creates a new disk icon with the same
  name. Double-clicking on that icon opens a Finder window
  displaying the DOS files and subdirectories. I presume that it in
  some way supports the internal floppy drive, although it's
  possible that Macintosh PC Exchange is involved in some way. I
  don't know if you can define a Mac folder as another drive within
  DOS, as you can in SoftPC, but with the external file system
  that's not quite as much of a problem as it would otherwise be.

  One thing to keep in mind if you're considering purchasing this
  system is that SoftWindows for the PowerPC should ship at the same
  time or shortly after the release of the PowerPC in early March of
  1994. Insignia showed SoftWindows at Comdex and reports from
  several people indicate that it felt as fast as a 486. Insignia
  itself is currently talking about 33 MHz 486 speeds, and that's on
  the 66 MHz PowerPC 601 chip. With the 80 MHz (or 95 MHz chip that
  IBM was showing) the speed of SoftWindows can only improve, unlike
  the speed of the DOS card. Paul Kerr of Insignia, the SoftPC and
  SoftWindows product manager, said that benchmarking an emulated PC
  against a real one is a tricky process, and some functions end up
  faster while others end up slower. However, it's likely that
  SoftWindows will support networking and run in a Macintosh window,
  thus making it a cleaner fit with the Macintosh operating system.
  The current versions of SoftPC Professional and SoftPC With
  Windows suffer in comparison with the DOS card in terms of
  performance (Insignia claims 386 speeds), but include a pre-
  configured copy of Windows and are more flexible and cheaper. And
  of course, you can upgrade to SoftWindows for PowerPC when it
  ships this spring.

  Information from:
    Henry Norr -- [e-mail]
    Paul Kerr -- [e-mail]
    Pythaeus


True Mac Stories!
-----------------
  by Charles Wheeler, World Associates -- [e-mail]

  Although it could have been written by Apple's ad agency, the
  following is a true story. Only the names have been changed to
  protect the innocent, although the conversation has been shortened
  for the sake of brevity. The main points are all completely
  factual.

  I received a phone call from a DOS-based consultant who was
  evaluating a FileMaker Pro installation at the offices of one of
  my clients. The database system consists of 13 Mac IIsi's and one
  Quadra 700. Other branches of this business use various different
  DOS systems, few, if any, of which work consistently. Hence the
  call from the DOS-based consultant; the parent company had hired
  her to implement a system that worked, ignoring the Macintosh and
  FileMaker Pro system that has worked perfectly for several years
  now.

DOS-based consultant: "I noticed those computers have a graphical
  user interface. Is that Windows for the Mac?"

Me (after long incredulous pause): "No, that's the Mac OS. It's
  built in."

  There followed a long explanation of how Apple bundles the
  Macintosh operating system and graphical interface with every
  Macintosh they sell, a concept that flabbergasted my caller. It
  was a state she would get used to.

DOS: "What kind of network boards do those machines have plugged
  into them?"

Me: "No boards. The network hardware is built into every
  Macintosh."

  This one really threw her. The concept of plug and play is so
  foreign to the PC world that Microsoft is just now (after 13 years
  or so) in the process of designing a Plug and Play specification
  for hardware and software vendors that will enable systems to
  automatically configure themselves when boards and peripherals are
  plugged in. [I believe the Plug and Play spec will be equally as
  successful as the idea of PC compatibility and the Sony Beta VCR
  format. In other words, not at all. -Adam]

DOS: "What network software are you using?"

Me (sigh): "Built in. We could use System 7, but in this
  particular case, we're using the networking capabilities of
  FileMaker."

  Major mind-slam here - the idea of mentioning network services
  without invoking the hallowed name of Novell - or at least
  mentioning Microsoft or Banyan or IBM - just didn't click.
  AppleTalk may not be the end-all of network software, but it's
  pretty easy, it's relatively transparent, it works, and you don't
  need a fifteen-foot shelf of manuals to work with it. AppleTalk is
  also the second-most common network protocol in the world, I hear,
  based on number of end nodes.

DOS: "Who's the network administrator?"

Me: "Well, we don't really have one. We plugged the machines in a
  couple of years ago and they just worked. We upgrade software and
  make additions and modifications to the database, but the network
  pretty much takes care of itself."

  More explanation followed, since AppleTalk networks, especially
  simple LocalTalk networks like this one, seldom need full-network
  administrators. This particular network doesn't even use System 7
  File Sharing (also built in) so there's essentially nothing for a
  network administrator to worry about other than the occasional
  kicked-out cable.

  I pass this true story on not to bash DOS, or this particular
  person's lack of Mac knowledge, but as a reminder to myself and
  other Mac diehards that, no matter how often we curse the fizzy
  bomb and the occasionally clumsy or inconsistent interface,
  there's still a lot of nonsense we never see in our Macintosh
  lives. I hope we can continue to enjoy this level of internal
  support for basic operations on the Macintosh, and perhaps
  conversations and stories like this might help others in danger of
  DOSsification.


Xanadu Light
------------
  The high point of Hypertext '93 was of course the talk given by
  Ted Nelson after the reception in his honor. Nelson is a
  thoroughly engaging speaker, and he devoted much of the first half
  of his talk to providing the audience an overview of the 32-year
  history of Xanadu, Nelson's electronic publishing world view. I
  won't attempt to summarize that history since a bit of it exists
  in TidBITS #30_ and Nelson's books, including Computer Lib/Dream
  Machines (one book) and Literary Machines, are required reading
  for anyone in the field.

  What interested me was the reaction Nelson received in the crowd.
  I don't mean the public questions and comments, but the asides and
  looks various members of the audience traded during the talk.
  Members of the hypertext community seem to view Nelson with a
  complicated mix of awe and devotion (after all, he is the father
  of hypertext) combined with an almost cruel pity and ridicule. I
  suspect this mockery, which was seldom voiced loudly, but was
  evidenced in eye-rolling and smirks, stems from the fact that
  despite his long involvement with hypertext, Nelson has never
  shipped a product. Xanadu has been vaporware longer than many of
  us have been alive. The reaction concerned me, because even though
  Xanadu has yet to appear, that fact is independent of Nelson's
  ideas, just as much theoretical physics is more or less
  independent of practical application at the moment. It may mean
  that he's a theoretical hypertext scientist, but there's no shame
  in that. I sensed a vague paranoia in Nelson, but one that is
  probably justifiable if his ideas have received similar reactions
  (and most likely, even worse ones) in the past. It's a shame, and
  let me attempt to convey his concepts in relation to the new
  Xanadu, now called Xanadu Light. Much of this information comes
  from the handouts Nelson provided with his talk.

  To bring you up to date quickly, it seemed as though the hope for
  Xanadu lay with Autodesk, the CAD giant that purchased it back in
  1988. Unfortunately, after investing five years and five million
  dollars, Autodesk dropped the project in 1993. Nelson didn't say
  specifically, but I have the impression that all that development
  effort remained at Autodesk; all he managed to get back was the
  trademarked name. In large part because of that, I suspect, Xanadu
  Light is now based on garden-variety database programs and using
  the Internet for worldwide access. Nelson mentioned something
  about searching for stuff via Gopher and then telnetting in or
  using a dialup BBS to actually retrieve the information - I'm sure
  a custom front end would appear quickly.

  Within Xanadu, people can have three roles - readers, publishers,
  and suppliers. As a reader, you connect to the entire Xanadu
  universe by connecting to one Xanadu supplier. You can browse
  hypertext links indefinitely from document to document. No records
  are kept of your hypertext trail or of the items you send for, and
  you can keep what you receive (a receipt token helps you file it
  for future reference).

  As a publisher, you may link to, comment on, or append information
  to any published document. Quoting documents by what Nelson calls
  a "transclusion pointer" automatically links your document to the
  original and pays the original publisher for the data, and
  although you have no control over who links to your documents, the
  documents themselves are kept inviolate. Everything is handled by
  links. You may publish anything within the law (which Nelson notes
  is going to be a big issue in the future), and you take
  responsibility for the contents of anything you publish, just as
  in traditional paper publishing.

  As a supplier, you can locate your business anywhere and allow
  your customers to connect to you in any way. You can charge what
  you like for storage of published documents and for connection
  time, and you have complete control over credits and payments. In
  an attempt to avoid the mega-companies that currently dominate
  publishing (apparently there are about 40 "important" publishing
  companies out of a set of some 70,000), Nelson specifically
  designed Xanadu on a franchise system. Anyone can set up as a
  supplier with some hardware and a connection, and anyone can set
  up as a publisher

In brief then:

* The publisher pays for storage, the reader pays for delivery,
  along with a small per-byte royalty. Nelson recommends rates in
  the range of 1/10,000 of a cent per byte for text, perhaps one
  cent per minute of video.

* The reader may send for any portion of any document and pays for
  just that portion, not the entire document. However, since the
  rates are so low, there's no concept of browsing and then choosing
  what you want to buy. You pay for everything you see.

* Anyone may quote anything in the Xanadu network by transclusion
  (virtual inclusion - it's a hard concept to convey without an
  illustration, perhaps think of it as a publish & subscribe type
  link) from another publisher's document. Royalties continue to
  flow automatically to the original publisher of information.

* Anyone may publish links to anything in the Xanadu network (but
  remember, original documents remain inviolate, so you don't have
  to worry about your data being corrupted by virtual graffiti).

* Every document has an owner, the publisher, and that person pays
  for its storage on a Xanadu host machine.

* Every link is also owned as a part of some document.

* Connecting to one Xanadu node connects you to all nodes, and
  thus all documents and data objects. This inherently implies some
  sort of global name space for objects, I would assume.

* All data structures are welcome and connectable; there are no
  closed objects. This will prevent what Nelson calls the
  "Balkanization" of electronic media, where the data objects are
  inherently proprietary and isolated.

  Copyright always comes up in these sort of discussions about
  Xanadu, but the system handles copyright and royalties
  automatically and unobtrusively. Since every document has a known
  owner, and since there's no reason why you wouldn't quote
  something as opposed to retyping it (it's thinkable, but I imagine
  it would become culturally taboo to do so), any owned data will
  always remain owned. Royalties (set by the publisher) flow
  automatically from the reader to the publisher on a per-byte
  basis, and give the reader the right to backup and one printout as
  well, although there's no reason alternative arrangements couldn't
  be made.

  Xanadu Light, then, is essentially four public database tables,
  plus content bytes stored in standard and nonstandard files. Each
  document lists its contents in a public table, and users may query
  the database using standard queries or SQL queries for more
  complex searches. As I understand it, some sort of client software
  would be responsible for presenting this information and allowing
  you to browse and search among it.

  From Nelson's handouts, then, here are the four database tables.


Grand directory of all documents (public table)
 ---------------------------------------------------------------
 Author | Title | Document | Date of     | Owner | Size (may
        |       | type     | publication |       | be misleading
        |       |          |             |       | in hypermedia)
 ---------------------------------------------------------------


Sequential pieces of a document (royalty bytes)
   Note that a document may include part of any other document,
   simply by including that part in this table. Permission to
   do so is assured by our publishing contract.
 -------------------------------------------------------------
 Type  | Owner | Author | Publisher | Where  | Size | Royalty
 of    |       |        |           | stored |      | per byte
 piece |       |        |           |        |      |
 -------------------------------------------------------------


Document's outbound links
   A document may contain any number of links of any number of
   types. Each link connects to particular sets of bytes in
   this or other documents. Note that link contained in one
   document may connect material between two others.
 ---------------------------------------------------------
 Type of link | left endset (bytes, | right endset (bytes,
              |  node, document)    | node, document)
 ---------------------------------------------------------


Document's inbound connections (harpoons)
   This table records all the links and transclusions citing
   this document from elsewhere. Since these connections are
   made by the choice of others, the others pay for their
   presence in this table.
 -----------------------------------------------------------
 Type of connection | left endset (bytes, | right endset
 (transclusion, or  |  node, document)    | (bytes, node,
   link of whatever |                     |  document)
   type)            |                     |
 -----------------------------------------------------------

  I realize that's not a totally satisfactory explanation of it all,
  and Nelson didn't intend it to be. However, I would like to say
  that this article is a perfect example of what Xanadu would be
  good for. Rather than try to recreate ASCII tables, I could merely
  have quoted them so that you all saw the originals, and so that
  the royalties could go directly to Ted Nelson. As it stands, I'm
  going to have to hope that this article stirs enough interest
  among folks who are in a position to help out with Xanadu. For
  more information and contracts, send a self-addressed, stamped,
  envelope to:

    Xanadu On-Line Publishing
    3020 Bridgeway #295
    Sausalito, CA  94965  USA

  Nelson said he had to give up on email when he found himself with
  over a thousand unanswered email messages in his mailbox, although
  I wonder how answering snail mail is any easier - I'd drown if I
  got 50 pieces of personal snail mail every day.

  Among other various comments, two stood out. When asked what he
  thought of the World-Wide Web, which was developed at CERN in
  Switzerland and which provides hypertext browsing of documents
  spread over the entire Internet, Nelson said that he thought it
  was an excellent step forward, and suffered from only two major
  problems. First, the Web is not fine-grained enough, and second,
  you can't follow its links in both directions, which Nelson claims
  is a necessity. I'm not quite sure how to explain the criticism of
  the Web not being fine-grained enough; he didn't explicate
  further. The second comment was classic Nelson. When someone
  brought up CD-ROM publication, he responded, "CD-ROM is pre-
  Columbian. When you get to the edge you fall off."


$$

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